포트미러 사용법
monitor session 1 source interface Fa0/2
monitor session 1 destination interface Fa0/5

초기화 방법(요약)
1) MODE + 전원 ON 
2) switch: flash_init 
3) switch: rename flash:/config.text flash:/tempconfig.text 
4) switch: boot

- 설명추가
1) 장비 하드웨어의 MODE 누르고 있는 상태로 전원 ON 
2) switch: 프롬프트가 출력되면 MODE에 있는 손을 제거하고 flash_init 입력
3) switch: rename flash:/config.text flash:/tempconfig.text 
4) switch: boot 입력하면 재부팅 후 초기화 된 스위치를 확인할 수 있다



------------아래는 참고용 실제 작업 로그 
switch: d fl  flash_init

Initializing Flash...

flashfs[0]: 20 files, 2 directories

flashfs[0]: 0 orphaned files, 0 orphaned directories

flashfs[0]: Total bytes: 7741440

flashfs[0]: Bytes used: 4874752

flashfs[0]: Bytes available: 2866688

flashfs[0]: flashfs fsck took 7 seconds.

...done initializing flash.

Boot Sector Filesystem (bs:) installed, fsid: 3

Parameter Block Filesystem (pb:) installed, fsid: 4

switch: rename flash:/config.tes xt flash:/router

switch: 

switch: 

switch: 

switch: dir


List of filesystems currently registered:


               flash[0]: (read-write)

              xmodem[1]: (read-only)

                null[2]: (read-write)

                  bs[3]: (read-only)


switch: boot

Loading "flash:/c2950-i6q4l2-mz.121-13.EA1.bin"...#################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################


File "flash:/c2950-i6q4l2-mz.121-13.EA1.bin" uncompressed and installed, entry point: 0x80010000

executing...


              Restricted Rights Legend

Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is
subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
(c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted
Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph
(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.

           cisco Systems, Inc.
           170 West Tasman Drive
           San Jose, California 95134-1706



Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software 
IOS (tm) C2950 Software (C2950-I6Q4L2-M), Version 12.1(13)EA1, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 04-Mar-03 02:14 by yenanh
Image text-base: 0x80010000, data-base: 0x805A8000


Initializing flashfs...
flashfs[1]: 20 files, 2 directories
flashfs[1]: 0 orphaned files, 0 orphaned directories
flashfs[1]: Total bytes: 7741440
flashfs[1]: Bytes used: 4874752
flashfs[1]: Bytes available: 2866688
flashfs[1]: flashfs fsck took 7 seconds.
flashfs[1]: Initialization complete.
Done initializing flashfs.
POST: System Board Test : Passed
POST: Ethernet Controller Test : Passed
ASIC Initialization Passed

POST: FRONT-END LOOPBACK TEST : Passed
cisco WS-C2950-24 (RC32300) processor (revision J0) with 20839K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID FOC0728W0RM
Last reset from system-reset
Running Standard Image
24 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)

32K bytes of flash-simulated non-volatile configuration memory.
Base ethernet MAC Address: 00:0D:65:52:C1:00
Motherboard assembly number: 73-5781-11
Power supply part number: 34-0965-01
Motherboard serial number: FOC07271RLK
Power supply serial number: DAB072780FR
Model revision number: J0
Motherboard revision number: A0
Model number: WS-C2950-24
System serial number: FOC0728W0RM


         --- System Configuration Dialog ---

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: 
00:00:14: %SPANTREE-5-EXTENDED_SYSID: Extended SysId enabled for type vlan
00:00:17: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted --
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software 
IOS (tm) C2950 Software (C2950-I6Q4L2-M), Version 12.1(13)EA1, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 04-Mar-03 02:14 by yenanh
00:00:21: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to up
00:00:22: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to up
00:00:53: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up
% Please answer 'yes' or 'no'.
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: 
% Please answer 'yes' or 'no'.
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: n



Press RETURN to get started!


Switch>
Switch>
Switch>
Switch>
Switch>
Switch>en
Switch#

DS2S3560_1F_16#show power inline  
Available:370.0(w)  Used:92.4(w)  Remaining:277.6(w)

Interface Admin  Oper       Power   Device              Class Max
                            (Watts)                            
--------- ------ ---------- ------- ------------------- ----- ----
Fa0/1     auto   on         15.4    Ieee PD             0     15.4 
Fa0/2     auto   on         15.4    Ieee PD             4     15.4 
Fa0/3     auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4 
Fa0/4     auto   on         15.4    Ieee PD             4     15.4 
Fa0/5     auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4 
Fa0/6     auto   on         15.4    Ieee PD             4     15.4 
Fa0/7     auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4 
Fa0/8     auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4 
Fa0/9     auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4 
Fa0/10    auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4 
Fa0/11    auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4 
Fa0/12    auto   on         15.4    Ieee PD             4     15.4 
Fa0/13    auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4 
Fa0/14    auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4 
Fa0/15    auto   on         15.4    Ieee PD             4     15.4 
Fa0/16    auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4 
Fa0/17    auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4 
Fa0/18    auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4 
Fa0/19    auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4 
Fa0/20    auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4 
Fa0/21    auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4 
Fa0/22    auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4 
Fa0/23    auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4 
Fa0/24    auto   off        0.0     n/a                 n/a   15.4 
DS2S3560_1F_16#

총량 : Available:370.0(w)  

사용량 : Used:92.4(w)  

남은량 : Remaining:277.6(w)

Device Type: Ieee PD

여러 개의 스패닝트리를 그룹화해 1개의 스패닝트리 처럼 동작하게 하여 프로세서의 소모율을 줄인다.

셋팅

Dispatch_L2_1

spanning-tree mode mst

no spanning-tree optimize bpdu transmission

spanning-tree extend system-id

spanning-tree vlan 1,10,20,30,40 priority 40960

!

spanning-tree mst configuration

 name mst-1

 instance 1 vlan 1, 10, 20, 30, 40

!

spanning-tree mst 1 priority 40960

!

!

!

!

interface FastEthernet0/1

 switchport mode trunk

!

interface FastEthernet0/2

 switchport mode trunk

!

결과

Dispatch_L2_1#show spanning-tree mst configuration

Name      [mst-1]

Revision  0

Instance  Vlans mapped

--------  -------------------------------------------------------------------

0         2-9,11-19,21-29,31-39,41-4094

1         1,10,20,30,40

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dispatch_L2_1#show spanning-tree mst 1

Interface        Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/1            Altn BLK 200000     128.1    P2p

Fa0/2            Root FWD 200000   128.2    P2p

Dispatch_L2_2#show spanning-tree mst 1

Interface        Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/1            Desg FWD 200000    128.1    P2p

Fa0/3            Root FWD 200000    128.3    P2p

Dispatch_L3_1#show spanning-tree mst 1

Interface        Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type

---------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------

Fa0/2            Desg FWD 200000    128.2    P2p Pre-STD-Rx

Fa0/3            Desg FWD 200000    128.3    P2p Pre-STD-Rx

수렴 시간(Convergence Time)을 빠르게 하기 위해 사용.

(모든 장비에서 사용 가능한 표준기술)

셋팅

HQ_SE_3F_SW3(config)#spanning-tree rapid-pvst

적용후

L2_1(config)#spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst

08:55:30: setting bridge id (which=3) prio 40970 prio cfg 40960 sysid 10 (on) id A00A.001c.0e5d.c040

08:55:30: RSTP(10): initializing port Fa0/1

08:55:30: RSTP(10): Fa0/1 is now designated

08:55:30: RSTP(10): initializing port Fa0/2

08:55:30: RSTP(10): Fa0/2 is now designated

08:55:30: RSTP(10): transmitting a proposal on Fa0/1

08:55:30: RSTP(10): transmitting a proposal on Fa0/2

08:55:30: RSTP(10): updt roles, superior bpdu on Fa0/1 (synced=0)

08:55:30: RSTP(10): Fa0/1 is now root port

08:55:30: RSTP(10): syncing port Fa0/2

08:55:30: RSTP(10): transmitting a proposal on Fa0/2

08:55:30: RSTP(10): updt roles, superior bpdu on Fa0/2 (synced=0)

08:55:30: RSTP(10): Fa0/2 is now alternate

직접 연결되어 있지 않은 간접링크가 다운되었을때 차단상태(Blocking State)의 포트를 MAX Age(20초)를 생략하고 바로 청취 상태로 변경시켜 기본적인 STP 컨버전스 시간인 50초를 30초로 단축시킨다.

셋팅

HQ_SE_1F_SW1(config)#spanning-tree backbonefast

HQ_SE_1F_SW2(config)#spanning-tree backbonefast

HQ_SE_1F_L3_3(config)#spanning-tree backbonefast

적용 전 (20초)

07:32:04: STP: VLAN0010 heard root 32778-001d.e6da.d900 on Fa0/2

07:32:06: STP: VLAN0010 heard root 32778-001d.e6da.d900 on Fa0/2

07:32:08: STP: VLAN0010 heard root 32778-001d.e6da.d900 on Fa0/2

07:32:10: STP: VLAN0010 heard root 32778-001d.e6da.d900 on Fa0/2

07:32:12: STP: VLAN0010 heard root 32778-001d.e6da.d900 on Fa0/2

07:32:14: STP: VLAN0010 heard root 32778-001d.e6da.d900 on Fa0/2

07:32:16: STP: VLAN0010 heard root 32778-001d.e6da.d900 on Fa0/2

07:32:18: STP: VLAN0010 heard root 32778-001d.e6da.d900 on Fa0/2

07:32:20: STP: VLAN0010 heard root 32778-001d.e6da.d900 on Fa0/2

07:32:22: STP: VLAN0010 Fa0/2 -> listening

적용 후 (20초 생략)

07:21:12: STP: VLAN0010 heard root 32778-001d.e6da.d900 on Fa0/2

07:21:12: STP: VLAN0010 Fa0/2 -> listening

07:21:12: STP: VLAN0010 Topology Change rcvd on Fa0/2

07:21:12: STP: VLAN0010 sent Topology Change Notice on Fa0/1

직접 연결된 링크가 다운 되었을 때 차단 상태에 있는 포트를 즉시 전송 상태로 변경 시키기 위해 사용.

셋팅

HQ_SE_1F_SW1(config)#spanning-tree uplinkfast

적용 전 (30초)

03:39:07: STP: VLAN0010 new root port Fa0/2, cost 38

03:39:07: STP: VLAN0010 Fa0/2 -> listening

03:39:09: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to administratively down

03:39:09: STP: VLAN0010 sent Topology Change Notice on Fa0/2

03:39:10: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down

03:39:22: STP: VLAN0010 Fa0/2 -> learning

03:39:37: STP: VLAN0010 Fa0/2 -> forwarding

적용 후 (5초이내)

03:15:07: STP: VLAN0010 new root port Fa0/2, cost 3038

03:15:07: %SPANTREE_FAST-7-PORT_FWD_UPLINK: VLAN0010 FastEthernet0/2 moved to Forwarding (UplinkFast).

03:15:09: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to administratively down

03:15:09: STP: VLAN0010 sent Topology Change Notice on Fa0/2

03:15:10: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to down

UplinkFast is enabled

Station update rate set to 150 packets/sec.

UplinkFast statistics

-----------------------

Number of transitions via uplinkFast (all VLANs)            : 0

Number of proxy multicast addresses transmitted (all VLANs) : 0

Name                 Interface List

-------------------- ------------------------------------

VLAN0001             Fa0/2(fwd)

VLAN0010             Fa0/2(fwd)

다수의 물리적인 Link를 하나의 논리적인 Link로 만들어 대역폭 향상, Link 이중화(물리적인), Load Balancing의 이점을 얻을 수 있다.

셋팅

HQ_SE_GN_2F_SW1

interface FastEthernet0/1

 channel-protocol lacp

 channel-group 1 mode active

 switchport mode trunk

!

interface FastEthernet0/2

 channel-protocol lacp

 channel-group 1 mode active

 switchport mode trunk

HQ_SE_GN_2F_L3_1

interface FastEthernet0/1

 channel-protocol lacp

 channel-group 1 mode passive

 switchport mode trunk

!

interface FastEthernet0/2

 channel-protocol lacp

 channel-group 1 mode passive

 switchport mode trunk

HQ_SE_GN_2F_SW1

HQ_SE_GN_2F_SW1#show etherchannel summary

Number of channel-groups in use: 1

Number of aggregators:           1

Group  Port-channel  Protocol    Ports

------+-------------+-----------+--------------

1      Po1(SU)           LACP   Fa0/1(P) Fa0/2(P)

HQ_SE_GN_2F_L3_1

HQ_SE_GN_2F_L3_1#show etherchannel summary

Number of channel-groups in use: 1

Number of aggregators:           1

Group  Port-channel  Protocol    Ports

------+-------------+-----------+--------------

1      Po1(SU)           LACP   Fa0/1(P) Fa0/2(P)